Engine Oil
is one of the fundamental products needed to run your car, as it
lubricates the engine to prevent the pistons seizing or exploding. Engine oil is the most widely used lubricant in the automotive industry and
is one of the largest profitable markets in the world.
Composition of a motor oil:
A motor oil is composed of two substances : ( 1 - X% , BASE OIL + 2 - Y% , ADDITIVES ) = FINAL PRODUCT
PCMO : Passeger Car Motor Oil
Engine oil is made according to two mandatory standards :
*SAE ( Society of Automotive Engineers) American standard = motor oil quality grade = SAE quality level = motor oil viscosity grades & SAE about is quality level of motor oil at cold & hot working situation
API ( American Petroleum Institute ) =Engine technology performance level( manufacturing year ) = API is performance level formulation and is marketed.API is Engine manufacturing technology
API about is technology of engine performance sparke ( gasolines) engine from SA,...SN,SP, SQ (2025)& diesel engine from CA,...,CK-4,FA-4
The ILSAC standards,
denoted by the terminology ILSAC GF-x, are based upon the API service
categories and bring additional performance requirements, for example
fuel economy improvement, and restrictions in the viscosity grades that
may claim to meet an ILSAC standard.
International Lubricants Standardization and Approval Committee : ILSAC Oil Specifications
ILSAC, International Lubricants Standardization and Approval Committee,
is formed in 1992 by AAMA (American Automobile Manufacturers
Association, representatives of DaimlerChrysler Corporation, Ford Motor
Company and General Motors Corporation) and JAMA (Japan Automobile
Manufacturers Association) to define the need, parameters, licensing and
administration of lubricant specifications. Together with the
Tripartite system (API, SAE and ASTM) the formed EOLCS, the Engine Oil
Licensing and Certification System. ILSAC oils often carry the API
Service Symbol (Donut) including the Energy Conserving designation
and/or API Certification Mark (Starburst):
- ILSAC GF-1
- The ILSAC GF-1 standard indicates the oil meets both API SH and the
Energy Conserving II (EC-II) requirements. It was created in 1990 and
upgraded in 1992 and became the minimum requirement for oil used in
American and Japanese automobiles.
- ILSAC GF-2
- ILSAC GF-2 replaced GF-1 in 1996. The oil must meet both API SJ and
EC-II requirements. The GF-2 standards requires 0W-30, 0W-40, 5W-20,
5W-30, 5W-40, 5W-50, 10W-30, 10W-40 and 10W-50 motor oils to meet
stringent requirements for phosphorus content, low temperature
operation, high temperature deposits and foam control.
- ILSAC GF-3
- An ILSAC GF-3 an oil must meet both API SL and the EC-II
requirements. The GF-3 standard has more stringent parameters regarding
long-term effects of the oil on the vehicle emission system, improved
fuel economy and improved volatility, deposit control and viscosity
performance. The standard also requires less additive degradation and
reduced oil consumption rates over the service life of the oil.
- ILSAC GF-4
- ILSAC GF-4 is similar to the API SM service category, but it requires an additional sequence VIB Fuel Economy Test (ASTM D6837).
- ILSAC GF-5
- Introduced in October 2010 for 2011 and older vehicles, designed to
provide improved high temperature deposit protection for pistons and
turbochargers, more stringent sludge control, improved fuel economy,
enhanced emission control system compatibility, seal compatibility, and
protection of engines operating on ethanol-containing fuels up to E85.
- ILSAC GF-6
- The ILSAC GF-6 specification is currently in development and will
probably be divided into two sub-specifications. ILSAC GF-6A will be
fully backward compatible with ILSAC GF-5 but would offer better fuel
economy, better engine protection and improved performance while
maintaining durability. ILSAC GF-6B would deliver similar performance as
ILSAC GF-5A but will allow lower viscosity oils like xW-16, taking
advantage of the fuel economy benefits offered by the new SAE 16 viscosity grade. For more information check out gf-6.com.
ILSAC GF-7(2025)
ILSAC GF-7 represents the latest set of lubricant requirements for
passenger cars in North America. These requirements are expected to
deliver improved fuel economy, protection against low-speed pre-ignition
(LSPI), as well as reduced piston deposits and timing chain wear.
GF-7 is effective for vehicle model years 2027 to 2032 and will aid
in the industry’s efforts to reduce emissions and meet EPA standards.
The first licensing for this specification began in March 2025. This
relatively tight timing compared to historical specification upgrades
challenged oil marketers to secure the available testing necessary to
license products.
Engine oil is also made from two big types of API base oil group :
---mineral bases : API group 1 & 2 & 3
---Fullu synthetic bases : API group 4 ( PAO) & group5 ( ESTER )
API BASE OIL GROUP CATAGORY GLOBAL % USE MOTOR OIL( CAR/TRUCK/...)
Important Note : semi
synthetic motor oils are only blend of two base oils : ( %X mineral oil ,groups 2 or 3
+ %Y synthetic ,groups 4 or 5 ) , and depend on process &
formulations.Semi synthetic is not API base oil group .It is only for the purpose of market sales by companies.
ACEA standars(Association Constructeurs Européens Automobiles) :
The European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (or Association des Constructeurs Européens d'Automobiles
in French, hence the ACEA abbreviation) is an organization that
represents the 15 most important European motor vehicle manufacturers.
It's the successor of CCMC (Comité des Constructeurs du Marché Commun).
According to their statement, ACEA is an advocate for the automobile
industry in Europe, representing manufacturers of passenger cars, vans,
trucks and buses with production sites in the EU.
Among many other activities ACEA defines specifications for engine
oils so called ACEA Oil Sequences. The sequences are usually updated
every few years to include the latest developments in engine and
lubricant technology. ACEA itself does not approve the oils, they set
the standards and oil manufacturer's may make performance claims for
their products if those satisfy the relevant requirements.
The first ACEA oil sequences were introduced in 1996 when they
replaced the former CCMC specifications. New ACEA oil specifications
were issued in 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2016.
Each version of the ACEA oils sequences has or had a life cycle:
A/B: gasoline and diesel engine oils
ACEA A1/B1 Category is removed with the ACEA 2016 Oil Sequences. ACEA A3/B3 Category is removed with the ACEA 2022 Oil Sequences.
ACEA A3/B4 Stable, stay-in-grade Engine Oil intended
for use in Passenger Car & Light Duty Van Gasoline & DI Diesel
Engines, but also suitable for applications described under A3/B3.
ACEA A5/B5 Stable, stay-in-grade Engine Oil intended
for use at extended Drain Intervals in Passenger Car & Light Duty
Van Gasoline & Diesel Engines designed to be capable of using Low
Viscosity Oils with HTHS Viscosity of 2.9 to 3.5 mPa*s
ACEA A7/B7 Stable, stay-in-grade engine oil intended
for use at extended oil drain intervals in passenger car and light-duty
gasoline and DI diesel engines designed for low viscosity engine oils
with HTHS viscosity of 2.9 to 3.5 mPa*s. Relative to A5/B5,
C: Catalyst compatibility oils
ACEA C1 Category is removed with the ACEA 2022 Oil Sequences.
ACEA C2 Stable, stay-in-grade Engine Oil with Mid
SAPS-Level, intended for use as catalyst compatible Oil at extended
Drain Intervals in Vehicles with all Types of modern Aftertreatment
Systems and High Performance Passenger Car & Light Duty Van Gasoline
& DI Diesel Engines that are designed to be capable of using Low
Viscosity Oils with a minimum HTHS Viscosity of 2.9 mPa*s.
ACEA C3 Stable, stay-in-grade Engine Oil with Mid
SAPS-Level, intended for use as catalyst compatible Oil at extended
Drain Intervals in Vehicles with all Types of modern Aftertreatment
Systems and High Performance Passenger Car & Light Duty Van Gasoline
& DI Diesel Engines that are designed to be capable of using Oils
with a minimum HTHS Viscosity of 3.5 mPa*s.
ACEA C4 Stable, stay-in-grade Engine Oil with Low
SAPS-Level, intended for use as catalyst compatible Oil at extended
Drain Intervals in Vehicles with all Types of modern Aftertreatment
Systems and High Performance Passenger Car & Light Duty Van Gasoline
& DI Diesel Engines that are designed to be capable of using Oils
with a minimum HTHS Viscosity of 3.5 mPa*s.
ACEA C5 Stable, stay-in-grade Engine Oil with Mid
SAPS-Level, for further improved Fuel Economy, intended for use as
catalyst compatible Oil at extended Drain Intervals in Vehicles with all
Types of modern Aftertreatment Systems and High Performance Passenger
Car & Light Duty Van Gasoline & DI Diesel Engines that are
designed to be capable and OEM-approved for use of Low Viscosity Oils
with a minimum HTHS Viscosity of 2.6 mPa*s.
ACEA C6 Stable, stay-in-grade engine oil for
improved fuel economy, with mid-SAPS level, for aftertreatment system
compatibility. Intended for use at extended oil drain intervals in
passenger car and light-duty gasoline, and DI diesel engines designed
and OEM-approved for engine oils with HTHS viscosity of minimum 2.6
mPa⋅s. Relative to C5 these engine oils also provide low speed
pre-ignition and wear protection for turbocharged gasoline DI engines as
well as turbocharger compressor deposit (TCCD) protection for modern DI
diesel engines.
E: Heavy Duty Diesel engine oils
ACEA E4 Stable, stay-in-grade oil providing excellent control of piston cleanliness, wear, soot handling and lubricant stability.
ACEA E7 Stable, stay-in-grade oil providing effective
control with respect to piston cleanliness and bore polishing. It
further provides excellent wear control, soot handling and lubricant
stability. It is recommended for highly rated diesel engines meeting
Euro I, Euro II, Euro III, Euro IV and Euro V emission requirements and
running under severe conditions.
ACEA E8 Stable, stay-in-grade oil providing excellent
control of piston cleanliness, wear, soot handling and lubricant
stability. It is recommended for highly-rated diesel engines meeting
Euro I, Euro II, Euro III, Euro IV, Euro V and Euro VI emission
requirements and running under very severe conditions.
ACEA E11 Stable, stay-in-grade oil providing effective
control with respect to piston cleanliness and bore polishing. It
further provides excellent wear control, soot handling and lubricant
stability. It is recommended for highly rated diesel engines meeting
Euro I, Euro II, Euro III, Euro IV, Euro V and Euro VI emission
requirements and running under severe conditions.
TYPES OF FINAL PRODUCTS ENGINE OIL
First it’s handy to understand that there are different kinds of oils suited to specific 4 types of vehicle engines. These include:
- 1-Conventional Oil (mineral) :
Also known as mineral motor oils, this is the stuff that comes out the
ground and has been refined to a range of viscosity grades
and quality levels. This is recommended for common engine designs and
regular driving styles.
- 2-Fully Synthetic Oil :
Synthetic motor oil starts off as mineral oil but has gone through a
chemically engineered process to give the oil molecules a more uniform
shape with fewer impurities and better properties. It has better extreme
high temperature and low temperature performance making it more
suitable for modern high-performance cars.
- 3- Semi Synthetic Oil (Synthetic & Mineral Blend) :
This is a mixture of synthetic and conventional base oils. It resists
engine oxidation better than conventional oil and also performs better
at low and high temperatures and under heavy loads, which makes it a
good choice for large vehicles such as 4WDs.
- 4-High Mileage Oil:
This is specially formulated for vehicles with more than 120,000kms on
the clock and has additives that help reduce oil burn-off and prevent
leaks.
Motor oil, engine oil, or engine lubricant is any one of various substances that consist of base oils enhanced with various additives, particularly antiwear additives, detergents, dispersants, and, for multi-grade oils, viscosity index improvers.Motor oil is used for lubrication of internal combustion engines.
The main function of motor oil is to reduce friction and wear on moving parts and to clean the engine from sludge (one of the functions of dispersants) and varnish (detergents). It also neutralizes acids that originate from fuel and from oxidation of the lubricant (detergents), improves sealing of piston rings, and cools the engine by carrying heat away from moving parts.
In addition to the aforementioned basic constituents, almost all lubricating oils contain corrosion and oxidation inhibitors. Motor oil may be composed of only a lubricant base stock in the case of non-detergent oil, or a lubricant base stock plus additives to improve the oil's detergency, extreme pressure performance, and ability to inhibit corrosion of engine parts.
Motor oils are blended using base oils composed of petroleum-based hydrocarbons, polyalphaolefins (PAO), or their mixtures in various proportions, sometimes with up to 20% by weight of esters for better dissolution of additives.
MOTOR OIL SITUATION AT ENGINE INSIDE ENGINE OIL RELATION OUTSIDE TEMPRETURE
4General Types Of Automotive Lubricants
The increasing demand for automotive lubricants has led the global market to invent many different types of industrial . These include synthetic as well as traditional lubricants, and they each serve different purposes.
1. Engine Oil And Gear Oil
Engine oil (also known as motor oil) is usually very fluid in texture and has a low viscosity. We usually use conventional oil (also known as mineral oil) or synthetic oil for lubrication.
Both these oils contain a base oil — generally of crude oil base stock — and additives .The additives help enhance the oil quality and increase fuel efficiency
since lubricating oil is typically used for engine parts
For bearings and gearboxes, you may use gear oil as a gear
lubricant.Gear oil usually has a higher viscosity for better protection
against wear.
Also, don’t get engine oil and brake fluid mixed up.They may share a similar amber color, but where the engine oil is a
lubricant, brake fluid is a hydraulic fluid and serves a different
purpose.Need to change your motor oil Learn how to change engine oil with this detailed guide?
2. Grease
Automotive grease is usually made up of base oil, thickener, and additional additives .Grease has
a similar function to that of oil, but it is far thicker and stickier
in consistency. This quality makes it ideal for gears, linkages,
bearings, and chains.
However, avoid using grease for fast-moving engine parts as they may get stuck.The increasing demand in the automotive lubricants market also saw the introduction of synthetic grease in the global market. .
This grease is made up of a synthetic lubricant, such as silicone, and can function well under high-demand situations such as mechanical pressure .Synthetic
grease may also act as a transmission fluid in certain cases and help
with high torque transmission. It is also one of the high-performance
lubricants that can withstand extreme temperatures.
3. Penetrating Lubricant
Penetrating lubricant usually contains a very low-viscosity base oil that makes it very fluid and flowy.
Penetrating lubricant is very refined; therefore, perfect for fast-moving engine parts that would be slowed down by the resistance caused by automotive grease. However, it isn’t very long-lasting and requires frequent reapplications.
It is better suited for loosening bolts, nuts and infiltrating small cracks rather than serving as lubricating oil. For example, it helps break up the rust, like when you need to loosen a corroded bolt off a rotor hub.
4. Dry Lubricant
A dry lubricant is composed of a liquid (like water or alcohol) and fine particles of any dry lubricant (like graphite). Available in a spray bottle, the liquid evaporates after a while, leaving behind a thin layer of dry lubrication.
Engine oil and automotive grease often attract a lot of dust due to their fluid nature. They are also prone to oxidation at high temperatures (even synthetic lubricants oxidate after a point).
On the other hand, dry lubricants are a very convenient and mess-free way to lubricate your car parts.
This lubricant is best used on small locks, hinges, threaded rods, and engine parts that could otherwise get stuck with grease.
You now know the four types of lubricants. Each of these conventional and synthetic lubricants serves different purposes.The life of your car engine largely depends on the type of engine oil you use; Therefore, to increase the life of your engine, you must use high-quality engine oil suitable for your car. With these interpretations, choosing a suitable engine oil for the car is very important.
Having a healthy engine with a longer life requires feeding the engine with a suitable engine oil. Failure to use the right oil will cause the car engine parts to be damaged and eventually the engine will be seriously damaged. Since replacing engine parts is very difficult and involves a lot of costs, it is better to use the right engine oil so as not to incur additional and staggering costs for repairing or replacing the car engine.
How To Choose The Right Automotive Lubricant?
The growth of the global automotive lubricants market has resulted in tons of lubricant and transmission fluid options. The type of lubricant you choose will ultimately depend on the task at hand and the application requirements.
Grease would serve better for lubrication of wheel bearings, for example. It would create a stronger, more long-lasting barrier against friction as compared to engine oil.
Your safest bet is to consult the vehicle manual.
The right lubricant must meet international standards, including being API , SAE , ACEA , JASO , or ILSAC certified. Also, ensure that you pick a lubricant that retains its viscosity through varying temperatures.
You may also speak to a car mechanic for your lubricating oil needs and car care issues.
You, as our dear customer and as our audience, can use our products whenever you like. You can order your favorite product according to your opinion and our team will contact you immediately and will provide you with the necessary consultation.
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